China NPC Meeting: Beijing to overhaul Hong Kong electoral system

Thousands of lawmakers have gathered for the annual NPC meeting in Beijing. The rubber-stamp parliament is expected to also discuss and approve economic growth targets and environmental policies from the central government.

China’s top law-making body has unveiled plans to ensure only “patriots” can govern Hong Kong, as Beijing tightens its grip on the city with changes to the electoral system.

NPC vice-chairman Wang Chen announced to the NPC that changes were needed as “the rioting and turbulence that occurred in Hong Kong society reveals that the existing electoral system has clear loopholes and deficiencies”. He said “risks in the system” needed to be removed to ensure “patriots” were in charge.

Premier Li Keqiang, addressing the National People’s Congress (NPC), warned that China would “resolutely guard against and deter” interference by external forces in Hong Kong’s affairs. EU has counter warned that it may take “additional steps” over the plans announced on Friday. It called on Beijing to “carefully consider the political and economic implications on any decision to reform the electoral system of Hong Kong that would undermine fundamental freedoms, political pluralism and democratic principles”.

The move follows the imposition of a tough security law on Hong Kong last year which drew local and international condemnation. Aready, scores of arrests have been made recently, 47 pro-democracy activists were charged with “subversion” under the new law and could face life in prison. They were involved in preparations for last year’s LegCo elections, which the government then postponed.

Critics say Beijing is crushing dissent and removing the “one country, two systems” agreement it made with the UK. Under the agreement, Hong Kong, a former British colony, was allowed to continue with its own legal system and have rights including free speech and freedom of the press.

Lord Chris Patten, former governor of Hong Kong, said China’s Communist Party had “taken the biggest step so far to obliterate Hong Kong’s freedoms and aspirations for greater democracy under the rule of law”.

The genesis of the new security law may not be unconnected with fears that Hong Kong’s “one country, two systems model” was gradually being eroded resulting in huge pro-democracy protests in 2019. Some turned violent and Beijing imposed the National Security Law, which it said would target “sedition” and bring stability.

The Basic Law, agreed with the UK before the return of sovereignty in 1997, allowed for an “ultimate aim” of universal suffrage, including the choice of leader, or chief executive. But subsequent NPC Standing Committee rulings, however, ensured Beijing would have control over who was appointed.

The week-long NPC will discuss the elections issue and no text has yet been made public, although Mr Wang and media sources did set out some areas to be discussed. The city’s heavily pro-Beijing electoral committee would get new powers over the parliament, or Legislative Council (LegCo).

By this the committee would effectively be able to vet all LegCo candidates standing in elections and also directly appoint a large proportion of the Legislative Council, diluting the number directly elected by the public.

Ian Chong, politics professor at the National University of Singapore, said, “In 2019, the pan-democrats did extremely well [in local elections], which was alarming to the CCP [Chinese Communist Party], because it showed that all their negative rhetoric didn’t seem to be working.

“I think for the CCP, they really want to remove the voices that they don’t like to hear.”

Willie Lam, China analyst at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, told the AFP news agency that if the new NPC measures passed as he expected they would “effectively wipe out any remaining opposition”.

An analyst commented: “It’s kind of incredible that the Chinese government felt the need to change what was already an electoral system heavily rigged in favour of the pro-Beijing camp. With only half the members of the territory’s mini parliament directly elected, and the other half installed by political allies, why the change?

“What must have spooked the Communist Party was the drubbing handed to them at the hands of pro-democracy candidates at the most recent district council elections – with those advocating democratic reform taking control of all but one municipality.

“Now, after the coming electoral ‘rebuild’ is ushered in – and it will be, given that it has been introduced to the rubber-stamp National People’s Congress process – there won’t be even the pretense of democratic elections in Hong Kong”.